<?php

/**
 * Matomo - free/libre analytics platform
 *
 * @link    https://matomo.org
 * @license https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPL v3 or later
 */

namespace Piwik;

use Exception;
use Piwik\Container\StaticContainer;
use Piwik\DeviceDetector\DeviceDetectorFactory;
use Piwik\Plugins\BulkTracking\Tracker\Requests;
use Piwik\Plugins\PrivacyManager\Config as PrivacyManagerConfig;
use Piwik\Tracker\BotRequest;
use Piwik\Tracker\Db as TrackerDb;
use Piwik\Tracker\Db\DbException;
use Piwik\Tracker\Handler;
use Piwik\Tracker\Request;
use Piwik\Tracker\RequestSet;
use Piwik\Tracker\TrackerConfig;
use Piwik\Tracker\Visit;
use Piwik\Plugin\Manager as PluginManager;
use Piwik\Log\LoggerInterface;

/**
 * Class used by the logging script piwik.php called by the javascript tag.
 * Handles the visitor and their actions on the website, saves the data in the DB,
 * saves information in the cookie, etc.
 *
 * We try to include as little files as possible (no dependency on 3rd party modules).
 */
class Tracker
{
    /**
     * @var Db
     */
    private static $db = null;

    // We use hex ID that are 16 chars in length, ie. 64 bits IDs
    public const LENGTH_HEX_ID_STRING = 16;
    public const LENGTH_BINARY_ID = 8;

    public static $initTrackerMode = false;

    private $countOfLoggedRequests = 0;
    protected $isInstalled = null;

    /**
     * @var LoggerInterface
     */
    private $logger;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->logger = StaticContainer::get(LoggerInterface::class);
    }

    public function isDebugModeEnabled()
    {
        return array_key_exists('PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG', $GLOBALS) && $GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG'] === true;
    }

    public function shouldRecordStatistics()
    {
        $record = TrackerConfig::getConfigValue('record_statistics') != 0;

        if (!$record) {
            $this->logger->debug('Tracking is disabled in the config.ini.php via record_statistics=0');
        }

        return $record && $this->isInstalled();
    }

    public static function loadTrackerEnvironment()
    {
        SettingsServer::setIsTrackerApiRequest();
        if (empty($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG'])) {
            $GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG'] = self::isDebugEnabled();
        }
        if (!empty($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG']) && !Common::isPhpCliMode()) {
            Common::sendHeader('Content-Type: text/plain');
        }
        PluginManager::getInstance()->loadTrackerPlugins();
    }

    private function init()
    {
        $this->handleFatalErrors();

        if ($this->isDebugModeEnabled()) {
            ErrorHandler::registerErrorHandler();
            ExceptionHandler::setUp();

            $this->logger->debug("Debug enabled - Input parameters: {params}", [
                'params' => var_export($_GET + $_POST, true),
            ]);
        }
    }

    public function isInstalled()
    {
        if (is_null($this->isInstalled)) {
            $this->isInstalled = SettingsPiwik::isMatomoInstalled();
        }

        return $this->isInstalled;
    }

    public function main(Handler $handler, RequestSet $requestSet)
    {
        try {
            $this->init();

            if ($this->isPreFlightCorsRequest()) {
                Common::sendHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, POST');
                Common::sendHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers: *');
                Common::sendHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *');
                Common::sendResponseCode(204);
                $this->logger->debug("Tracker detected preflight CORS request. Skipping...");
                return null;
            }

            $handler->init($this, $requestSet);

            $this->track($handler, $requestSet);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->logger->debug("Tracker encountered an exception: {ex}", [$e]);

            $handler->onException($this, $requestSet, $e);
        }

        Piwik::postEvent('Tracker.end');
        $response = $handler->finish($this, $requestSet);

        $this->disconnectDatabase();

        return $response;
    }

    public function track(Handler $handler, RequestSet $requestSet)
    {
        if (!$this->shouldRecordStatistics()) {
            return;
        }

        $requestSet->initRequestsAndTokenAuth();

        if ($requestSet->hasRequests()) {
            $handler->onStartTrackRequests($this, $requestSet);
            $handler->process($this, $requestSet);
            $handler->onAllRequestsTracked($this, $requestSet);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return void
     */
    public function trackRequest(Request $request)
    {
        if ($request->isEmptyRequest()) {
            $this->logger->debug('The request is empty');
        } else {
            $this->logger->debug('Current datetime: {date}', [
                'date' => date("Y-m-d H:i:s", $request->getCurrentTimestamp()),
            ]);

            $isBot = $this->isBotRequest($request);

            /**
             * Allows overwriting the Bot detection done using Device Detector
             * Use this event if you want to have a request handled as bot request instead of a normal visit
             *
             * @param bool &$isBot Indicates if the request should be handled as Bot
             * @param Request $request current tracking request
             */
            Piwik::postEvent('Tracker.isBotRequest', [&$isBot, $request]);

            $rawParams = $request->getRawParams();

            /**
             * The recMode param will for now be used to keep BC.
             * If it is not set, which is currently the case for all tracking requests, it will be processed as Visit only
             * When set to 1, only bot tracking will be processed. In case the request is not detected as bot, it will be discarded
             * Setting it to 2 enables auto mode. Meaning it will be either processed as bot request or visit, depending on the detection
             *
             * @deprecated Remove this parameter handling with Matomo 6 and decide the tracking method based on the bot detection only.
             */
            $recMode = $rawParams['recMode'] ?? null;

            if (((int)$recMode === 1 || (int)$recMode === 2) && $isBot) {
                $botRequest = StaticContainer::get(BotRequest::class);
                $botRequest->setRequest($request);
                $botRequest->handle();
            }

            if (empty($recMode) || ((int)$recMode === 2 && !$isBot)) {
                $visit = Visit\Factory::make();
                $visit->setRequest($request);
                $visit->handle();
            }
        }

        // increment successfully logged request count. make sure to do this after try-catch,
        // since an excluded visit is considered 'successfully logged'
        ++$this->countOfLoggedRequests;
    }

    private function isBotRequest(Request $request): bool
    {
        $deviceDetector = StaticContainer::get(DeviceDetectorFactory::class)->makeInstance($request->getUserAgent(), $request->getClientHints());
        return $deviceDetector->isBot();
    }

    /**
     * Used to initialize core Piwik components on a piwik.php request
     * Eg. when cache is missed and we will be calling some APIs to generate cache
     */
    public static function initCorePiwikInTrackerMode()
    {
        if (
            SettingsServer::isTrackerApiRequest()
            && self::$initTrackerMode === false
        ) {
            self::$initTrackerMode = true;
            require_once PIWIK_INCLUDE_PATH . '/core/Option.php';

            Access::getInstance();
            Config::getInstance();

            try {
                Db::get();
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                Db::createDatabaseObject();
            }

            PluginManager::getInstance()->loadCorePluginsDuringTracker();
        }
    }

    public static function restoreTrackerPlugins()
    {
        if (SettingsServer::isTrackerApiRequest() && Tracker::$initTrackerMode) {
            Plugin\Manager::getInstance()->loadTrackerPlugins();
        }
    }

    public function getCountOfLoggedRequests()
    {
        return $this->countOfLoggedRequests;
    }

    public function setCountOfLoggedRequests($numLoggedRequests)
    {
        $this->countOfLoggedRequests = $numLoggedRequests;
    }

    public function hasLoggedRequests()
    {
        return 0 !== $this->countOfLoggedRequests;
    }

    public function isDatabaseConnected()
    {
        return !is_null(self::$db);
    }

    public static function getDatabase()
    {
        if (is_null(self::$db)) {
            try {
                self::$db = TrackerDb::connectPiwikTrackerDb();
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                $code = $e->getCode();
                // Note: PDOException might return a string as code, but we can't use this for DbException
                throw new DbException($e->getMessage(), is_int($code) ? $code : 0);
            }
        }

        return self::$db;
    }

    protected function disconnectDatabase()
    {
        if ($this->isDatabaseConnected()) { // note: I think we do this only for the tests
            self::$db->disconnect();
            self::$db = null;
        }
    }

    // for tests
    public static function disconnectCachedDbConnection()
    {
        // code redundancy w/ above is on purpose; above disconnectDatabase depends on method that can potentially be overridden
        if (!is_null(self::$db)) {
            self::$db->disconnect();
            self::$db = null;
        }
    }

    public static function setTestEnvironment($args = null, $requestMethod = null)
    {
        if (is_null($args)) {
            $requests = new Requests();
            $args     = $requests->getRequestsArrayFromBulkRequest($requests->getRawBulkRequest());
            $args = $_GET + $args;
        }

        if (is_null($requestMethod) && array_key_exists('REQUEST_METHOD', $_SERVER)) {
            $requestMethod = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
        } elseif (is_null($requestMethod)) {
            $requestMethod = 'GET';
        }

        // Do not run scheduled tasks during tests
        if (!defined('DEBUG_FORCE_SCHEDULED_TASKS')) {
            TrackerConfig::setConfigValue('scheduled_tasks_min_interval', 0);
        }

        // if nothing found in _GET/_POST and we're doing a POST, assume bulk request. in which case,
        // we have to bypass authentication
        if (empty($args) && $requestMethod == 'POST') {
            TrackerConfig::setConfigValue('tracking_requests_require_authentication', 0);
        }

        // Tests can force the use of 3rd party cookie for ID visitor
        if (Common::getRequestVar('forceEnableFingerprintingAcrossWebsites', false, null, $args) == 1) {
            TrackerConfig::setConfigValue('enable_fingerprinting_across_websites', 1);
        }

        // Tests can simulate the tracker API maintenance mode
        if (Common::getRequestVar('forceEnableTrackerMaintenanceMode', false, null, $args) == 1) {
            TrackerConfig::setConfigValue('record_statistics', 0);
        }

        // Tests can force the use of 3rd party cookie for ID visitor
        if (Common::getRequestVar('forceUseThirdPartyCookie', false, null, $args) == 1) {
            TrackerConfig::setConfigValue('use_third_party_id_cookie', 1);
        }

        // Tests using window_look_back_for_visitor
        if (
            Common::getRequestVar('forceLargeWindowLookBackForVisitor', false, null, $args) == 1
            // also look for this in bulk requests (see fake_logs_replay.log)
            || strpos(json_encode($args, true), '"forceLargeWindowLookBackForVisitor":"1"') !== false
        ) {
            TrackerConfig::setConfigValue('window_look_back_for_visitor', 2678400);
        }

        // Tests can force the enabling of IP anonymization
        if (Common::getRequestVar('forceIpAnonymization', false, null, $args) == 1) {
            self::getDatabase(); // make sure db is initialized

            $privacyConfig = new PrivacyManagerConfig();
            $privacyConfig->ipAddressMaskLength = 2;

            \Piwik\Plugins\PrivacyManager\IPAnonymizer::activate();

            \Piwik\Tracker\Cache::deleteTrackerCache();
            Filesystem::clearPhpCaches();
        }
    }

    private function handleFatalErrors()
    {
        register_shutdown_function(function () {
            // TODO: add a log here
            $lastError = error_get_last();
            if (!empty($lastError) && $lastError['type'] == E_ERROR) {
                Common::sendResponseCode(500);
            }
        });
    }

    private static function isDebugEnabled()
    {
        try {
            $debug = TrackerConfig::getBoolConfigValue('debug', false);
            if ($debug) {
                return true;
            }

            $debugOnDemand = TrackerConfig::getBoolConfigValue('debug_on_demand', false);
            if ($debugOnDemand) {
                return (bool) Common::getRequestVar('debug', false);
            }
        } catch (Exception $e) {
        }

        return false;
    }

    public function isPreFlightCorsRequest(): bool
    {
        if (isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) && strtoupper($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) === 'OPTIONS') {
            return !empty($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_HEADERS']) || !empty($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_METHOD']);
        }
        return false;
    }
}
